Izinto ezisixhenxe ezisetyenziswa zonyango zePlastiki ekrwada, iPVC ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala!

Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi kunye nezixhobo zetsimbi, iimpawu eziphambili zeeplastiki zezi:

I-1, ixabiso liphantsi, lingaphinda lisetyenziswe ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kweentsholongwane, ezilungele ukusetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango ezilahlayo;

2, ukucutshungulwa kulula, ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki yayo kunokucutshungulwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo eziluncedo, kwaye isinyithi kunye neglasi kunzima ukuvelisa kwisakhiwo esinzima seemveliso;

3, iqinile, i-elastiki, akulula ukuyiqhekeza njengeglasi;

4, kunye ne-inertness elungileyo yeekhemikhali kunye nokhuseleko lwebhayoloji.

Ezi zibonelelo zokusebenza zenza iiplastiki zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zonyango, ngokukodwa kuquka i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polystyrene (PS), i-polycarbonate (i-PC), i-ABS, i-polyurethane, i-polyamide, i-thermoplastic elastomers, i-polysulfone kunye polyether ether ketone.Ukudibanisa kunokuphucula ukusebenza kweeplastiki, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-resin ezahlukeneyo kubonakaliswe, njenge-polycarbonate / ABS, i-polypropylene / elastomer yokudibanisa ukuguqulwa.

Ngenxa yokunxibelelana neyeza ezingamanzi okanye ukunxibelelana nomzimba womntu, iimfuno ezisisiseko zeeplastiki zonyango zizinzo lwekhemikhali kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo.Ngamafutshane, amacandelo ezinto zeplastiki azinakufakwa kwiyeza ezingamanzi okanye emzimbeni womntu, aziyi kubangela ubuthi kunye nomonakalo kwizicubu kunye namalungu, kwaye ayinayo ityhefu kwaye ayinabungozi emzimbeni womntu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhuseleka kwe-biosafety yeeplastiki zonyango, iiplastiki zonyango zihlala zithengiswa kwimarike ziqinisekisiwe kwaye zivavanywa ngabasemagunyeni bezonyango, kwaye abasebenzisi bayaziswa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngawaphi amabakala akwibakala lezonyango.

Iiplastiki zonyango e-United States zihlala zigqithisa isatifikethi se-FDA kunye nokufunyanwa kwebhayoloji ye-USPVI, kunye neeplastiki zebakala lezonyango e-China zidla ngokuvavanywa yiZiko loVavanyo lwesixhobo sonyango saseShandong.Okwangoku, kusekho inani elikhulu lezinto zeplastiki zonyango kwilizwe ngaphandle kwengqiqo engqongqo yesatifikethi se-biosafety, kodwa ngokuphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemimiselo, ezi meko ziya kuphuculwa ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ngokwesakhiwo kunye neemfuno zamandla emveliso yesixhobo, sikhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lweplastiki kunye nebakala elifanelekileyo, kwaye sinqume iteknoloji yokucubungula izinto.Ezi zakhiwo ziquka ukusebenza kokucubungula, amandla oomatshini, iindleko zokusetyenziswa, indlela yokuhlanganisa, ukuvala inzala, njl.

Iiplastiki zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezisixhenxe

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

I-PVC yenye yezona ntlobo zeplastiki zivelisa kakhulu kwihlabathi.I-PVC resin imhlophe okanye i-yellow yellow powder, i-PVC ecocekileyo i-atactic, ilukhuni kwaye i-brittle, ayifane isetyenziswe.Ngokutsho kosetyenziso olwahlukileyo, izongezelelo ezahlukeneyo zingongezwa ukwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki zePVC zibonise iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye noomatshini.Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo seplastiki kwintlaka yePVC kunokwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezinzima, ezithambileyo nezingafihliyo.

I-PVC enzima ayiqulathanga okanye iqulethe i-plasticizer encinci, ine-tensile elungileyo, ukugoba, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo, inokusetyenziswa njengento yolwakhiwo yodwa.I-PVC ethambileyo iqulethe iiplasticizers ezininzi, kwaye ukuthamba kwayo, ukunyuswa kwayo ngexesha lekhefu kunye nokuchasana nokubanda kuyenyuka, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa, ukuqina kunye namandla okuqina kuyancipha.Ubuninzi bePVC ecocekileyo yi-1.4g / cm3, kwaye ubuninzi beengxenye zeplastiki zePVC ezineeplastiki kunye nezihlunu zihlala kuluhlu lwe-1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.

Ngokoqikelelo lwemarike, malunga ne-25% yeemveliso zeplastiki zonyango zi-PVC.Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwixabiso eliphantsi le-resin, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokulula.Iimveliso zePVC zezicelo zonyango zezi: imibhobho ye-hemodialysis, iimaski zokuphefumla, iityhubhu zeoksijini njalo njalo.

2. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)

Iplastiki yePolyethylene lolona didi lukhulu kushishino lweplastiki, lubisi, olungenancasa, olungenavumba kunye namasuntswana angenatyhefu amenyezelayo.Iphawulwa ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino, kwezolimo, ukupakisha kunye neshishini lemihla ngemihla, kwaye ikwindawo ebalulekileyo kushishino lweplastiki.

I-PE ikakhulu ibandakanya i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE), i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) kunye ne-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHDPE) kunye nezinye iindidi.I-HDPE inamatyathanga amasebe ambalwa kwikhonkco lepolymer, ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, ubukristale kunye noxinaniso, ukuqina okukhulu nokomelela, ukungafihli kakuhle, indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokutofa.I-LDPE inamatyathanga amaninzi esebe, ngoko ke ubunzima bemolekyuli buncinci, icrystallinity kunye noxinaniso luphantsi, lunokuthamba okungcono, ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye nokungafihli, okuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukuvuthela ifilimu, ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi enye indlela yePVC.Izinto ze-HDPE kunye ne-LDPE nazo zinokuxutywa ngokweemfuno zokusebenza.I-UHDPE inamandla amakhulu empembelelo, ukungqubuzana okuphantsi, ukuchasana nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo kunye neempawu ezintle zokufunxa amandla, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo ye-hip eyenziweyo, idolo kunye nezixhumi zamagxa.

3. i-polypropylene (PP, i-polypropylene)

I-Polypropylene ayinambala, ayinavumba kwaye ayinayo ityhefu.Kubonakala ngathi i-polyethylene, kodwa icacile kwaye ilula kune-polyethylene.I-PP i-thermoplastic eneempawu ezibalaseleyo, ezinobunzima obuthile obuncinci (0.9g / cm3), i-non-toxic, kulula ukuyiqhuba, ukuchasana kwempembelelo, ukuchasana nokuphambuka kunye nezinye iingenelo.Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kubandakanywa iingxowa ezilukiweyo, iifilimu, iibhokisi zentengiso, izixhobo zokukhusela ucingo, iithoyi, ii-bumpers zemoto, iifiber, oomatshini bokuhlamba njalo njalo.

I-PP yezoNyango inokungafihli okuphezulu, umqobo olungileyo kunye nokumelana nemitha, ukuze ibe noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwizixhobo zonyango kunye neshishini lokupakisha.Izinto ezingezizo zePVC ezinePP njengomzimba ophambili okwangoku zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinye izinto zePVC.

4. I-Polystyrene (PS) kunye ne-K resin

I-PS yintlobo yeplastiki yesithathu enkulu emva kwe-polyvinyl chloride kunye ne-polyethylene, edla ngokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye enye yeplastiki kunye nesicelo, iimpawu eziphambili zilula, zicacile, kulula ukudaywa, ukubunjwa kokwenziwa komsebenzi kulungile, kusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiiplastiki zemihla ngemihla. , iindawo zombane, izixhobo zamehlo kunye nezixhobo zenkcubeko kunye nezemfundo.Ubume bayo bulukhuni kwaye bunobunzima, kwaye ine-coefficient ephezulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubunjineli.Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, i-polystyrene elungisiweyo kunye ne-styrene-based copolymers ziye zaphuhliswa ukoyisa ukusilela kwe-polystyrene kwinqanaba elithile.K resin yenye yazo.

I-resin ye-K yenziwe nge-styrene kunye ne-butadiene copolymerization, i-polymer e-amorphous, i-transparent, i-tasteless, i-non-toxic, ubuninzi be-1.01g / cm3 (ngaphantsi kwe-PS, AS), ukuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu kune-PS, ukukhanya (80 ~ 90% ) kuhle, iqondo lobushushu deformation thermal 77℃, Ubungakanani butadiene equlethwe K izinto, ubulukhuni bayo kwahlukile, ngenxa fluidity elungileyo K izinto, ubushushu processing uluhlu lubanzi, ngoko ukusebenza kwayo processing ilungile.

Olona setyenziso luphambili kubomi bemihla ngemihla lubandakanya iikomityi, ii-LIDS, iibhotile, ukupakishwa kwezithambiso, ii-hangers, iithoyi, iimveliso zezinto eziphathekayo ezithatha indawo ye-PVC, ukupakishwa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha zonyango.

5. ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers

I-ABS inobulukhuni obuthile, ubulukhuni, ukuxhathisa impembelelo kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, ukuxhathisa kwi-radiation kunye ne-ethylene oxide resistance resistance.

I-ABS kwisicelo sezonyango isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezixhobo zotyando, iikliphu zegubu, iinaliti zeplastiki, iibhokisi zezixhobo, izixhobo zokuxilonga kunye nezindlu zoncedo lokuva, ngakumbi izindlu ezinkulu zezixhobo zonyango.

6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-PCS bukuqina, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kobushushu, okwenza i-PCS ikhethwe njengezihluzo ze-hemodialysis, izixhobo zotyando kunye neetanki ze-oksijini (xa zisetyenziselwa utyando lwentliziyo, esi sixhobo sinokususa i-carbon dioxide kwi-hemodialysis filters. igazi kunye nokwandisa ioksijini);

Olunye usetyenziso lwePC kumayeza lubandakanya inkqubo yokutofa engenanaliti, izixhobo zokuxutywa, izitya ze-centrifuge zegazi, kunye neepiston.Ukuthatha ithuba lokubonakala kwayo okuphezulu, iiglasi eziqhelekileyo ze-myopia zenziwe ngePC.

7. PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)

I-Polytetrafluoroethylene resin ngumgubo omhlophe, ukubonakala kwe-waxy, egudileyo kunye ne-non-stick, yeyona plastiki ibalulekileyo.I-PTFE ineepropathi ezigqwesileyo ezingenakuthelekiswa ne-thermoplastics jikelele, ngoko yaziwa ngokuba "yinkosi yeplastiki".I-friction coefficient yayo yeyona iphantsi phakathi kweeplastiki, inokusebenza kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility, kwaye inokwenziwa ibe yimithambo yegazi eyenziweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifakelwe ngokuthe ngqo.